Fizika (18.01.2026)

45 ta savol · saqlash uchun kiring

Fizika formulalar varaqasi / Лист формул по физике

Doimiy fizik kattaliklar / Физические постоянные

Kattalik	Qiymati
Erkin tushish tezlanishi	$g \approx 10\ \text{m/s}^2$
Gravitatsiya doimiysi	$G = \frac{20}{3}\cdot10^{-11}\ \frac{\text{N}\cdot\text{m}^2}{\text{kg}^2}$
Universal gaz doimiysi	$R = 8{,}31\ \text{J/(mol}\cdot\text{K)}$
Bolsman doimiysi	$k = 1{,}38\cdot10^{-23}\ \text{J/K}$
Avogadro soni	$N_A = 6\cdot10^{23}\ \text{mol}^{-1}$
Elementar zaryad	$e = 1{,}6\cdot10^{-19}\ \text{C}$
Kulon qonuni koeffitsiyenti	$k = 9\cdot10^{9}\ \frac{\text{N}\cdot\text{m}^2}{\text{C}^2}$
Elektr doimiysi	$\varepsilon_0 = 8{,}85\cdot10^{-12}\ \frac{\text{F}}{\text{m}}$
Magnit doimiysi	$\mu_0 = 4\pi\cdot10^{-7}\ \text{N/A}^2$
Yorug'likning vakuumdagi tezligi	$c = 3\cdot10^{8}\ \text{m/s}$
Plank doimiysi	$h = 4{,}125\cdot10^{-15}\ \text{eV}\cdot\text{s}$
Plank doimiysi	$h = 6{,}6\cdot10^{-34}\ \text{J}\cdot\text{s}$

O'nli old qo'shimchalar / Десятичные приставки

Old qo'shimcha	Ko'paytuvchi
T — tera	$10^{12}$
G — giga	$10^{9}$
M — mega	$10^{6}$
k — kilo	$10^{3}$
d — detsi	$10^{-1}$
c — santi	$10^{-2}$
m — milli	$10^{-3}$
$\mu$ — mikro	$10^{-6}$
n — nano	$10^{-9}$
p — piko	$10^{-12}$

Mexanika / Механика

v=\frac{\Delta S}{\Delta t};\quad a=\frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t};\quad S=v_0t+\frac{at^2}{2};\quad \omega=\frac{\Delta\varphi}{\Delta t};\quad \varepsilon=\frac{\Delta\omega}{\Delta t};\quad \varphi=\omega_0t+\frac{\varepsilon t^2}{2};

\omega=2\pi\nu;\quad v=\omega r;\quad \nu\cdot T=1;\quad v=v_0\pm gt;\quad h=v_0t\pm\frac{gt^2}{2};

v_{0x}=v_0\cos\alpha;\quad v_{0y}=v_0\sin\alpha;\quad t_u=\frac{2v_{0y}}{g};\quad h_{max}=\frac{v_{0y}^2}{2g};\quad S=v_{0x}\cdot t_u;

\vec{a}=\vec{a}_\tau+\vec{a}_n;\quad a_n=\frac{v^2}{r};\quad m=\rho V;\quad \vec{a}=\frac{\vec{F}}{m};\quad \vec{F}_1=-\vec{F}_2;\quad F_{el}=-k\Delta\ell;

a=g(\sin\alpha\pm\mu\cos\alpha);\quad \vec{p}=m\vec{v};\quad \vec{F}\Delta t=\Delta\vec{p};\quad E_k=\frac{mv^2}{2};

M=F\ell;\quad F_1\ell_1=F_2\ell_2;\quad F_{ish}=\mu N;\quad N=\frac{A}{t}=\vec{F}\vec{v};

A=FS\cos\alpha;\quad E_p=mgh;\quad E_k+E_p=\text{const};\quad \vec{P}=m(\vec{g}-\vec{a});

g=\frac{GM}{R^2};\quad v_1=\sqrt{gR};\quad v_2=\sqrt{2gR};\quad x=A\cdot\sin(\omega t+\varphi_0);\quad v=\sqrt{\frac{T}{\rho_{ch}}};

v=\sqrt{\frac{E}{\rho}};\quad \omega=\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}};\quad T=2\pi\sqrt{\frac{m}{k}};\quad \omega=\sqrt{\frac{g}{\ell}};\quad T=2\pi\sqrt{\frac{\ell}{g}};\quad \Delta\ell=\ell-\ell_0;

\varepsilon=\frac{\Delta\ell}{\ell_0};\quad k=\frac{ES}{\ell_0};\quad F_A=\rho_sV_bg;\quad p=\rho gh;\quad S_1v_1=S_2v_2;

V_b=\frac{\rho_jV_j}{\rho_s};\quad p+\rho gh+\frac{\rho v^2}{2}=\text{const}.

Molekulyar fizika / Молекулярная физика

\nu=\frac{N}{N_A}=\frac{m}{M};\quad n=\frac{N}{V};\quad d=\sqrt[3]{\frac{VM}{mN_A}};\quad \rho=nm_0;

p=\frac{2}{3}n\bar{E}_k=\frac{1}{3}\rho\bar{v}^2=nkT;\quad \bar{E}_k=\frac{m_0\bar{v}^2}{2}=\frac{3}{2}kT;

\bar{v}=\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}}=\sqrt{\frac{3kT}{m_0}};\quad T=t+273;

pV=\nu RT;\quad p=\frac{\rho}{M}RT;\quad \frac{pV}{T}=\text{const};\quad Q=\Delta U+A;

A=p\Delta V;\quad \Delta U=\frac{3}{2}(p_2V_2-p_1V_1)=\frac{3}{2}\nu RT;\quad C=\frac{Q}{T_2-T_1};

c=\frac{Q}{m(T_2-T_1)};\quad \lambda=\frac{Q}{m};\quad r=\frac{Q}{m};\quad q=\frac{Q}{m};

\eta=\frac{Q_1-Q_2}{Q_1}\cdot100\ \%=\frac{T_1-T_2}{T_1}\cdot100\ \%;\quad F=\sigma l;

\sigma=\frac{F}{S};\quad \sigma=E|\varepsilon|;\quad W=\sigma S;\quad h=\frac{2\sigma}{\rho gr};\quad \Delta p=\frac{2\sigma}{R};

\rho=\frac{m}{V};\quad \varphi=\frac{\rho}{\rho_0}\cdot100\ \%=\frac{p}{p_0}\cdot100\ \%.

Elektr va magnetizm / Электричество и магнетизм

F=\frac{k|qQ|}{\varepsilon r^2};\quad E=\frac{k|Q|}{\varepsilon r^2};\quad F=qE;\quad \varphi=\frac{kQ}{\varepsilon r};\quad W_p=q\varphi;

E=\frac{\varphi_1-\varphi_2}{d};\quad A=q(\varphi_1-\varphi_2);\quad W_{el}=\frac{qU}{2};\quad C=\frac{\varepsilon\varepsilon_0S}{d};\quad q=CU;

W=\frac{\varepsilon\varepsilon_0E^2}{2};\quad C_p=C_1+C_2+\cdots+C_N;\quad \frac{1}{C_{k-k}}=\frac{1}{C_1}+\frac{1}{C_2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{C_N};

E=\frac{U}{d}=\frac{\sigma}{\varepsilon\varepsilon_0};\quad I=\frac{U}{R};\quad Q=I^2Rt;\quad P=IU;\quad I=ne\bar{v}S;\quad j=\frac{I}{S};

q=It;\quad E=\rho j;\quad R=\frac{\rho l}{S};\quad R=R_0(1+\alpha\Delta t);\quad R_{k-k}=R_1+R_2+\cdots+R_N;

\frac{1}{R_p}=\frac{1}{R_1}+\frac{1}{R_2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{R_N};\quad \mathcal{E}=\frac{A_{chet}}{q};\quad I=\frac{\mathcal{E}}{R+r};\quad \eta=\frac{R}{R+r}=\frac{U}{\mathcal{E}};

I_a=kU^{\frac{3}{2}};\quad T=2\pi\sqrt{LC};\quad \omega=\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}};\quad W=\frac{q^2}{2C}+\frac{LI^2}{2};

Z=\sqrt{R^2+\left(\omega L-\frac{1}{\omega C}\right)^2};\quad I=\frac{U}{Z};\quad \cos\varphi=\frac{R}{Z};\quad P=I^2R=IU\cos\varphi;

I=\frac{I_0}{\sqrt{2}};\quad U=\frac{U_0}{\sqrt{2}};\quad B=\frac{\mu_0I}{2\pi R};\quad B=\frac{\mu_0I}{2R};\quad F=\frac{\mu\mu_0I_1I_2}{2\pi d}l;

F_A=BIl\sin\alpha;\quad F_L=qvB\sin\alpha;\quad R=\frac{mv}{qB};\quad T=\frac{2\pi m}{qB};\quad \omega=\frac{qB}{m};

\Phi=NBS\cos\alpha;\quad \Phi=LI;\quad W=\frac{\Phi I}{2}=\frac{LI^2}{2};\quad \mathcal{E}=-\frac{\Delta\Phi}{\Delta t}=-L\frac{\Delta I}{\Delta t}.

Optika, kvant, atom va yadro fizikasi. Nisbiylik nazariyasi

n=\frac{c}{v}=\sqrt{\varepsilon\mu};\quad \frac{\sin\alpha}{\sin\beta}=\frac{n_2}{n_1};\quad \pm\frac{1}{F}=\frac{1}{d}\pm\frac{1}{f};\quad D=\pm\frac{1}{F};

k=\frac{f}{d};\quad \frac{1}{F}=\left(\frac{n_l}{n_m}-1\right)\left(\pm\frac{1}{R_1}\pm\frac{1}{R_2}\right);\quad I=\frac{P}{S}=\mathcal{W}v;\quad I\sim\omega^4;

d\sin\varphi=k\lambda;\quad \lambda_m=\frac{b}{T};\quad I=\frac{I_0}{2};\quad I=I_0\cos^2\alpha;\quad I=\frac{\Phi}{\Omega};

E=\frac{\Phi}{S}=\frac{I}{R^2}\cos\varphi;\quad E=h\nu;\quad p=\frac{h\nu}{c}=\frac{h}{\lambda};\quad I=\frac{N}{S\cdot t}h\nu;

h\nu=A_{ch}+E_k^{max};\quad E_k^{max}=eU_{yop};\quad h\nu_{min}=\frac{hc}{\lambda_{max}}=A_{ch};

E_n=\frac{E_1}{n^2};\quad E_1=-13{,}6\ eV;\quad h\nu=E_n-E_m;\quad m_ev_nr_n=n\hbar;

r_n=n^2r_B;\quad v_n=\frac{v_1}{n};\quad E_{bog'}=\Delta mc^2;\quad E_{sol}=\frac{E_{bog'}}{A};

A=-\frac{dN}{dt};\quad N=N_0e^{-\lambda t}=N_0 2^{-\frac{t}{T}};\quad \lambda T=\ln 2\approx0{,}7;

\tau=\frac{\tau_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}};\quad l=l_0\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}};\quad \rho=\frac{\rho_0}{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}};\quad v=\frac{v_1+v_2}{1\pm\frac{v_1v_2}{c^2}};

m=\frac{m_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}};\quad E_0=m_0c^2;\quad E=mc^2;\quad \vec{p}=m\vec{v};

E_k=(m-m_0)c^2;\quad E^2-c^2p^2=m_0^2c^4.

Moddalar va ularning xossalari / Вещества и их свойства

Zichlik (kg/m$^3$) / Плотность

Modda	Zichlik
benzin	700
kerosin	800
suv (4 °C)	1000
spirt	800
simob	13600
alyuminiy	2700
muz	900
mis	8900
po'lat	7800
temir	7800

Solishtirma issiqlik sig'imi (J/(kg·K)) / Удельная теплоёмкость

Modda	Qiymat
alyuminiy	900
mis	380
muz	2100
oltin	120
rux	400
suv	4200
temir	450
cho'yan	500

Molyar massa (g/mol) / Молярная масса

Modda	M
argon (Ar)	40
azot ( $N_2$ )	28
geliy (He)	4
neon (Ne)	20
havo	29
suv ( $H_2O$ )	18
karbonad angidrid ( $CO_2$ )	44
mis (Cu)	64
alyuminiy (Al)	27
kislorod ( $O_2$ )	32
vodorod ( $H_2$ )	2

Boshqa kattaliklar

Kattalik	Qiymat
Muzning solishtirma erish issiqligi (0 °C)	$330\cdot10^{3}\ \text{J/kg}$
Suvning solishtirma bug'lanish issiqligi (100 °C)	$2{,}3\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$
Benzinning yonish issiqligi	$46\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$
Neftning yonish issiqligi	$44\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$
Spirtning yonish issiqligi	$29\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$
Tabiiy gazning yonish issiqligi	$44\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$
Toshko'mirning yonish issiqligi	$29\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$
Yog'ochning yonish issiqligi	$10\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$

Sirt taranglik koeffitsiyenti (20 °C), $10^-3$ N/m

Modda	Qiymat
benzin	21
kerosin	24
suv	73
spirt	22
sovun eritmasi	40
simob	510

O'tkazgichlarning solishtirma qarshiligi (20 °C), $10^-8\ \Omega\cdot$m

Modda	Qiymat
mis	1,7
alyuminiy	2,8
volfram	5,5
temir	9,8
nikelin	40
nixrom	110

Nur sindirish ko'rsatkichi / Показатель преломления

Modda	n
suv	$4/3$
shisha	1,5
yoqut	1,76
olmos	2,42

Ayrim birliklar o'rtasidagi munosabat va normal sharoit

Munosabat	Qiymat
0 °C	$273\ \text{K}$
1 u	$1{,}66\cdot10^{-27}\ \text{kg}$
1 eV	$1{,}6\cdot10^{-19}\ \text{J}$
1 mm Hg	$133{,}3\ \text{Pa}$
Normal bosim	$10^{5}\ \text{Pa}$
Normal temperatura	$0\ ^\circ\text{C}$

Shartli belgilar / Условные обозначения

× ×— magnit induksiya chiziqlari o'quvchidan qog'oz tekisligiga tik yo'nalgan
• •— magnit induksiya chiziqlari qog'oz tekisligidan o'quvchiga tik yo'nalgan
⊕— o'tkazgichdagi tok o'quvchidan qog'oz tekisligiga tik yo'nalgan
⊙— o'tkazgichdagi tok qog'oz tekisligidan o'quvchiga tik yo'nalgan

Eslatma: bu formulalar yordam sifatida tavsiya qilinadi.

Jism 3 m/s

^2

tezlanish bilan harakatlanmoqda. Uning 4 s dan keyingi o'rtacha tezligi 16 m/s ga teng. Jismning boshlang'ich tezligini (m/s) toping.

Radiusi 20 cm, burchak tezligi 0,5 rad/s bo'lgan disk chekka nuqtasining chiziqli tezligini (m/s) toping.

Jismga to'rtta kuch rasmda ko'rsatilgandek ta'sir etmoqda. Ushbu kuchlarning teng ta'sir etuvchisini aniqlang.

Massasi 2 kg bo'lgan jism gorizontal tekislikda turibdi. Jism va sirt orasidagi ishqalanish koeffitsiyenti 0,5 ga teng. Unga gorizontal yo'nalishda 6 N kuch qo'yildi. Ishqalanish kuchini (N) aniqlang.

Massasi 18 kg bo'lgan yuk yuqoriga ko'tarilmoqda. A va C oraliqlardagi og'irliklar farqini (N) toping.

Massalari

m_1 = m

m_2 = 4m

bo'lgan jismlar bir xil balandlikdan erkin tashlandi. Jismlarning yerga urilishdagi impulslar nisbatini (

p_2/p_1

) aniqlang.

Massasi 8 kg bo'lgan jism tik yuqoriga 30 m/s tezlik bilan otildi. Jismning maksimal potensial energiyasini (J) toping.

10 m uzunlikdagi sterjen rasmda ko'rsatilgandek muvozanatda turibdi. Sterjenning massasini (kg) aniqlang.

Rasmda ko'rsatilgan suv bilan to'ldirilgan sisterna o'ng tomonga 4 m/s

^2

tezlanish bilan harakat qilmoqda. Sisterna tubida yotgan alyuminiy bo'lakchasining sisternaga nisbatan tezlanishi (m/s

^2

) qanchaga teng?

10.

Sig'imi 280 m

^3

bo'lgan hovuzda 9 ta nasos o'rnatilgan. Bitta nasos 15 minutda 6 t suvni tortib chiqaradi. 9 ta nasos 1 soat davomida ishlaganda hovuzda qancha suv (t) qoladi?

11.

Chetki vaziyatdan tebranishni boshlagan mayatnikning tebranish amplitudasi 12 cm ga teng. Mayatnik ilk 0,5 s da amplitudaning yarmini bosib o'tdi. U keyingi 4,5 s da qancha masofa (cm) bosadi?

12.

1 m.a.b qanchaga (kg) teng?

13.

1 mol kislorodning massasini (g) aniqlang.

14.

Gaz 1 holatdan 2 holatga o'tganda gaz bosimi qanday o'zgaradi?

15.

Hajmi 600

l

bo'lgan yopiq idishdagi havoning nisbiy namligi 40 % ga teng. Havoning temperaturasi 17

^\circ

C. Idish ichidagi havo to'yinishi uchun unga qancha (g) to'yingan bug' kiritilishi kerak? 17

^\circ

C da to'yingan bug' zichligi 14,5 g/m

^3

ga teng.

16.

Hajmi 3

l

, temperaturasi 90

^\circ

C bo'lgan suvga hajmi 5

l

, temperaturasi esa 10

^\circ

C bo'lgan suv aralashtirildi. Natijaviy temperaturani (

^\circ

C) aniqlang.

17.

Gazga 250 J issiqlik miqdori berildi. Gaz 120 J ish bajargan bo'lsa, uning ichki energiyasi qanday o'zgardi?

18.

Elektr maydon kuchlanganligining birligini toping.

19.

Elektrostatik maydonda joylashgan

10^{-8}

g va zaryadi 10 nC bo'lgan zarracha potensiali 140 V ga teng bo'lgan nuqtadagi tezligi 100 m/s ga teng. Qandaydir vaqtdan keyin uning tezligi 300 m/s ga teng bo'ldi. Zarracha shu nuqtada bo'lgandagi elektr potensialni (V) aniqlang.

20.

Qoplamalar orasidagi masofa 1,5 mm bo'lgan kondensator 100 V kuchlanishga ulangan. Qoplamalardagi zaryad sirt zichligini (nC/m

^2

) aniqlang.

21.

O'quvchining qo'lida qarshiliklari 20

\Omega

va 30

\Omega

bo'lgan rezistorlar bor. O'quvchi ular orqali qanday minimal qarshilikni (

\Omega

) hosil qila oladi?

22.

Reostat surgichi pastga surilganda ampermetrning ko'rsatkichi qanday o'zgaradi?

23.

Elektroliz jarayonida tok zichligi 1,95 A/dm

^2

bo'lgan sharoitda jism sirtiga kumush qoplanmoqda. Sirt 105 s davomida qancha qalinlikdagi (

\mu

m) kumush bilan qoplanadi? Kumushning zichligi 10,8 g/cm

^3

, molyar massasi 108 g/mol, valentligi 1 ga va Faradey doimiysi 96500 C/mol ga teng.

24.

Simdan yasalgan g'altakdagi magnit oqimi 20 mWb ga o'zgarganda, g'altak orqali oqib o'tgan zaryad 160

\mu

C ga teng bo'lgan bo'lsa, g'altakning qarshiligini (

\Omega

) toping.

25.

Tok kuchi 0 dan 3 A gacha o'zgarganda g'altakdagi magnit energiya 9 mJ ga o'zgardi. G'altakdagi o'zinduksiya EYuKi 2 V ga kamayaishi uchun qancha vaqt (ms) talab qilinadi?

26.

O'zgarmas tok manbaiga ideal induktiv g'altak ulangan. Bunda

4L_1 = 3L_2

ga teng. Birinchi g'altakdagi magnit oqim 72 mWb ga teng bo'lsa, ikkinchi g'altakdagi magnit oqimni (mWb) toping.

27.

Sig'imi 20

\mu

F bo'lgan kondensator va induktivligi 0,18 H bo'lgan g'altakdan tashkil topgan tebranish konturi mavjud. Kondensatorning maksimal kuchlanishi

10\sqrt{10}

V ga teng. Qandaydir vaqtdan keyin kondensator kuchlanishi

8\sqrt{10}

V ga teng bo'lib qoldi. Shu vaqtda g'altakdagi oniy tok kuchi qanchaga (mA) teng bo'lgan?

28.

Nuqtaviy yorug'lik manbaining yorug'lik kuchi 200 cd ga teng. Nuqtaviy manbaning to'la yorug'lik oqimining (lm) toping.

29.

Nur sindirish ko'rsatkichi 5/3 bo'lgan suyuqlik ichida 15 cm radiusli havo bo'shlig'i bor. Bo'shliqqa parallel nurlar dastasi tushurilsa, uning ichida ko'rinuvchi nurning radiusi qanday (cm) bo'ladi.

30.

Bir yo'nalishda harakatlanayotgan ikki zarradan birining tezligi

v_1 = 8c/9

ga, ularning nisbiy tezligi

c/3

ga teng. Ikkinchi zarraning tezligini aniqlang. Bunda

v_1 > v_2

c

— yorug'likning vakuumdagi tezligi.

31.

Mutlaq oq sirtga tik ravishda to'lqin uzunligi 400 nm bo'lgan

2\cdot10^{22}

ta foton 3 s vaqt davomida tushdi. Yorug'likning shu sirtga bosim kuchini (

\mu

N) toping.

32.

Moddaning 2-statsionar orbitasidagi elektronining to'la energiya

-8

eV bo'lsa, elektronning 5-sathdagi kinetik energiyani (eV) toping.

Topshiriqlar (33-35) va javob variantlari (A-F) ni o'zaro moslashtiring.

33-35.

Quyida bir atomli ideal gaz bosimining hajmga bog'lanishi keltirilgan. Bunda

2 \to 3

o'tish adiabatik jarayon.

36.

Jism balandligi 60 m bo'lgan binoning yuqori qismidan gorizontal yo'nalishda 30 m/s tezlik bilan otildi.

a) Jismning ko'chishini (m) aniqlang.

b) Ko'chish vektori va gorizont orasidagi burchakni aniqlang.

37.

Gorizontga burchak ostida otilgan 0,6 kg massali jism 30 m/s tezlik bilan otildi. Harakat davomida impuls o'zgarishi 18 kg

\cdot

m/s ga teng bo'ldi.

a) Jismning uchish vaqtini (s) aniqlang.

b) Trayektoriyaning eng yuqori nuqtasidagi egrilik radiusini (m) aniqlang.

38.

Massalari

m = 2

kg dan bo'lgan jismlar gorizontal sirtda bikirligi

k = 200

N/m bo'lgan prujina orqali bir-biriga biriktirilgan. Ulardan biri

F = 20

N kuch bilan tortilmoqda. Jismlar va sirt orasidagi ishqalanish koeffitsiyenti 0,5.

\sin\alpha = 0,6

a) Jismlar sistemasining tezlanishini (m/s

^2

) aniqlang.

b) Prujinaning cho'zilishini (cm) aniqlang.

39.

Isitgichning temperaturasi 227

^\circ

C, sovutgichning temperaturasi esa 100 K ga teng. Bir sikl davomida isitgich 2500 J issiqlik oladi.

a) Dvigatelning FIK ni (%) toping.

b) Gazning to'rt siklda bajargan ishini (kJ) aniqlang.

40.

Diametri 4 mm bo'lgan tomizg'ichda hajmi 66 cm

^3

bo'lgan spirt bor.

\pi \approx 3

a) Bitta tomchi massasini (mg) aniqlang.

b) Tomchilar sonini aniqlang.

41.

Qarshiligi

R

bo'lgan tokli halqa gorizontal tekislikda doimiy

\omega

burchak tezlik bilan aylanmoqda. Magnit maydon induksiyasi

B

ga, halqa yuzasi esa

S

ga teng.

a) Ramkada hosil bo'layotgan induksion EYuK ning ifodasini aniqlang.

b) Ramkada hosil bo'layotgan quvvat ifodasini aniqlang.

42.

Volframdan tayyorlangan lampaning 40

^\circ

C dagi qarshiligi 36

\Omega

ga teng. Undagi kuchlanish 220 V ga, oqayotgan tok kuchi esa 0,44 A ga teng. Volframning termik koeffitsiyenti 0,005 K

^{-1}

ga teng.

a) Volframning 0

^\circ

C dagi qarshiligini (

\Omega

) aniqlang.

b) Lampaning yongan paytdagi haroratini (

^\circ

C) aniqlang.

43.

Quvvati 200 W bo'lgan lazer nuri 8 km uzoqlikdagi tog'ga yo'naltirildi. Nurning yoyilish burchagi

10^{-3}

radianga teng.

\sin\alpha \approx \tan\alpha \approx \alpha

a) Lazer nurining tog'da hosil qilgan diametrini (m) aniqlang.

b) Lazer nurining o'rtacha intensivligini (W/m

^2

) aniqlang.

44.

0,6c

tezlik bilan harakatlanayotgandagi zarrachaning to'la energiyasi

6\cdot10^{-10}

J ga teng.

a) Zarrachaning

0,8c

tezlikdagi to'la energiyasini (nJ) toping.

b) Zarrachaning

0,8c

tezlik harakatlangandagi impulsini (kg

\cdot

m/s) aniqlang.

45.

^{225}_{88}Ra

izotopi bitta

\alpha

va bitta

\beta^+

(pozitron) yemirilishga uchradi.

a) Hosil bo'lgan yadrodagi zaryadli elementar zarralar sonini aniqlang.

b) Hosil bo'lgan yadrodagi neytronlar sonini toping.

Savol	A	B	C	D	E	F
33. Gazning $1 \to 2 \to 3$ o'tishdagi ichki energiyasi qanchaga kamaygan?
34. $1 \to 2 \to 3$ o'tishda gazga berilgan issiqlik miqdorini aniqlang.
35. Gazning $1 \to 2 \to 3$ o'tishda bajargan ishini aniqlang.